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Everything you need to know about pallets, from size specifications to industry standards.

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Pallet Industry Glossary

Quick reference for common terms used in the pallet and wood packaging industry.

GMA Pallet

The standard 48×40" pallet established by the Grocery Manufacturers Association. The most common pallet size in North America.

Stringer

A long board running lengthwise that connects the top and bottom deck boards. The primary structural member in stringer-style pallets.

Block Pallet

A pallet using blocks at corners and midpoints for support instead of stringers. Provides true 4-way forklift entry.

ISPM 15

International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15. Requires heat treatment or fumigation of wood packaging for international shipping.

Heat Treatment (HT)

Heating wood to a core temperature of 56°C for 30 minutes to kill pests. The standard treatment method for ISPM 15 compliance.

Deck Board

The flat boards forming the top and bottom surfaces of a pallet. Top deck boards bear the direct weight of the load.

Lead Board

The outermost deck board on each end of a pallet. Often the first to take damage from forklift impact.

Notch

A cutout in the stringer that allows forklift tine entry from the side. Converts 2-way stringer pallets to partial 4-way entry.

Chamfer

A beveled edge on the bottom lead boards that eases pallet jack and forklift entry.

Dynamic Load

The maximum weight a pallet can carry while being moved by a forklift or pallet jack.

Static Load

The maximum weight a pallet can support when sitting stationary on a flat surface or racked.

Racking Load

The maximum weight a pallet can support when racked across its stringers with nothing supporting the center span.

Dunnage

Wood material used inside shipping containers or on pallets to protect, separate, or brace cargo during transit.

Wing

When deck boards extend beyond the stringer or block on a pallet, creating an overhang. Used for sling handling.

Pallet Industry by the Numbers

2B+

Pallets in circulation in the US

508M

New pallets produced annually

849M

Pallets repaired each year

93%

Of pallets in the US are wood

Source: NWPCA industry data, Virginia Tech pallet research.